Adding power to a detached garage can make the space much more useful if you’re using it as a workshop, storage area, or for parking. It allows you to use tools, lights, or even charge electric vehicles. But running electricity to a separate building takes careful planning, the right materials, and following safety rules to avoid future issues.
Here’s a detailed yet simple guide in easy words to help you understand the process. Always consult a licensed electrician before starting any electrical project, especially when dealing with outdoor or high-voltage wiring.
Step 1: Plan What You Need
Before you start, think about what you want to power in the garage:
- Will you need lights only, or also outlets?
- Do you plan to use big tools or machines?
- Will you need a heater or an air conditioner?
- Do you want Wi-Fi, security cameras, or charging ports?
Knowing your needs helps decide the type and size of wiring and panel required. It also helps avoid the need for future upgrades.
Step 2: Check Local Building Codes
Every city or area has its electrical codes, which are designed to ensure your installation is both safe and legal. These codes guide everything from wire type to panel setup, and they help prevent hazards such as electrical fires or overloads. Taking time to understand or follow these rules is key to avoiding problems down the line.
- Some areas need permits
- You may need to use certain wire types
- Inspections may be required after installation
- Codes may require GFCI outlets and specific conduit types
Skipping this step can lead to failed inspections or even fines. It’s best to ask your city or hire a professional familiar with local rules.
Step 3: Choose the Power Method
There are two main ways to get power from your house to your garage:
- Underground wiring – Safer, protected from the weather, and looks clean
- Overhead wiring – Cheaper and easier, but exposed to weather and damage
Underground wiring is more common because it’s safer, especially in areas with frequent storms or wildlife.
Step 4: Dig the Trench (For Underground Wiring)
If you choose underground wiring, a trench will be needed to safely bury the electrical conduit that will carry power from your main house panel to the garage.
This is one of the most critical parts of the project and must be done with attention to depth, location, and safety standards to avoid accidents and future repair issues.
- Most codes require the trench to be 18 to 24 inches deep
- Use a proper conduit (plastic or metal pipe) to protect the wire
- Call 811 before digging to avoid hitting underground pipes or cables
- Consider placing a warning tape above the conduit in the trench for future safety
Digging can be done with a trenching tool or by hand. Just make sure to go deep enough and keep the trench straight.
Step 5: Install a Subpanel in the Garage
A subpanel is a smaller breaker panel installed in your garage that connects back to the main electrical panel in your house. It acts as a control center for electricity in the garage, allowing you to manage circuits separately from your home.
This setup improves safety, makes upgrades easier, and keeps your electrical system organized and efficient.
- It lets you control circuits in the garage
- Makes future upgrades easier
- Helps keep power balanced between the house and the garage
- Allows installation of separate breakers for lights, tools, or chargers
You’ll also need a ground rod and proper grounding to protect the system.
Step 6: Run the Wires and Make Connections
This step includes:
- Pulling the wire through the conduit carefully
- Connecting the subpanel to your main panel
- Adding breakers and wiring outlets or lights in the garage
- Labeling the breakers and checking all connections for tightness
Important: This step should be done by a licensed electrician to make sure it’s safe and correct. Incorrect wiring can cause fires or damage appliances.
Step 7: Get It Inspected
Once everything is installed, you may need to schedule an inspection (depending on your local code).
- The inspector will check for safety and proper wiring
- Verifies that all work meets code
- Approves final connection to power
- Gives you peace of mind that everything is safe and legal
Essential Safety Reminders Before You Begin
Working with electricity can be dangerous if not done carefully. Always follow these simple safety precautions to protect yourself and your property:
Turn off the main power before starting work. Use the correct gauge wire for the distance and load. Install GFCI outlets in garages for added protection. Follow all local permit and inspection rules. Label every circuit clearly to avoid confusion later.
Let the Experts Handle It Professionally
Running power to a detached garage involves many steps, codes, and safety checks. Doing it yourself without experience can be risky. A small mistake can lead to fire hazards, damage to your tools, or failed inspections. That’s why our advice is simple: call a professional for help.
For expert electrical work you can trust, contact SH Contracting Unlimited. We offer licensed electrical services in Washington, D.C., Maryland, Virginia, and Pennsylvania, ensuring your garage gets safe, reliable power without the stress.
